We know when we want to iterate over an object, we can iterate over the keys by using for..in loop. It iterates over the list of enumerable properties on an object (including its [[Prototype]] chain).

If we want to iterate over the values like we do in array using the for..of loop, we get this

Arrays are also objects with keys as indices [12, 23, 45] => { 0: 12, 1: 23, 2: 45 }

We can use for..of with objects the way we do with arrays if the object defines its own custom iterator.

Wait what!!! 🤔🧐 Well, how does it work for arrays then, aren't arrays typeof object too? Well yeah 😎

Don't worry. Let us first understand how for..of loop works for arrays.

How come arrays are iterable, despite of being objects?

let myArray = [ 1, 2, 3 ];

for (let v of myArray) {
    console.log( v );
}
// 1
// 2
// 3

The for..of loop asks for an iterator object (from a default internal function known as @@iterator in spec-speak) of the thing to be iterated, and the loop then iterates over the successive return values from calling that iterator object's next() method, once for each loop iteration.

Arrays have a built-in @@iterator, so for..of works easily on them. Well..well..well 🤨

Let us manually iterate over the array using that built-in @@iterator method

let myArray = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
let it = myArray[Symbol.iterator]();

it.next(); // { value:1, done:false }
it.next(); // { value:2, done:false }
it.next(); // { value:3, done:false }
it.next(); // { done:true }

Points to be noted:

1. We get at the @@iterator internal property of an object using an ES6 Symbol: Symbol.iterator.
2. Despite the name's implications, @@iterator is not the iterator object itself, but a function that returns the iterator object.
3. The return value from an iterator's next() call is an object of the form { value: .. , done: .. }, where value is the current iteration value, and done is a boolean that indicates if there's more to iterate.

While arrays do automatically iterate in for..of loops, regular objects do not have a built-in @@iterator method. Hmm.. 🤨 What do we do now?

Let us create our own custom @@iterator for an object that we want to iterate over.

Making objects iterable by adding our own @@iterator

let myObject = {
    a: 42,
    b: 34
};

Object.defineProperty( myObject, Symbol.iterator, {
    enumerable: false,
    writable: false,
    configurable: true,
    value: function() {
        let _this  = this;
        let idx = 0;
        let keysArr = Object.keys( _this );
        return {
            next: () => {
                return {
                    value: _this[keysArr[idx++]],
                    done: (idx > keysArr.length)
                };
            }
        };
    }
} );

// iterate `myObject` manually
let it = myObject[Symbol.iterator]();
it.next(); // { value:42, done:false }
it.next(); // { value:34, done:false }
it.next(); // { value:undefined, done:true }

Using for..of now works 🥰

// iterate `myObject` with `for..of`
for (let v of myObject) {
    console.log( v );
}
// 42
// 34

Let us understand the code here:

• For adding a custom @@iterator to myObject, we use the static defineProperty method on Object.
• We don't want this property to be enumerable or writable. So, we set their value to false.
• We put the actual method in the value. The method will return an object with next method on it. The next method will return the next enumerable values from the objects every time it is called.
• We make the use of Javascript Closures here. We pass the context of the object, the starting index of the object (0) and the object keys array as part of the closure to the next method.
• Each time the for..of loop calls next() on myObject's iterator object, the internal pointer will advance and return back the next value from the object's properties list.

In this way, we can make our regular objects iterable 😊🚀

If you have any doubt or suggestion, do post it in the comments section.

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